Electromechanical delay in a ball release activity with time- and non-time constrained situations performed by boccia players

Authors

  • Raúl Reina Vaíllo Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche
  • Carla Caballero Sánchez Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche
  • Alba Roldán Romero Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
  • David Barbado Murillo Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche
  • Rafael Sabido Solana Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche

Abstract

Introduction: This study assess the electromechanical delay of the fingers extensors during a ball release with and without command constraints, although surface EMG is rarely used to assess the activation and muscle coordination in upper limbs in people with cerebral palsy.Material and Methods: Twenty-eight recreational Boccia players eligible to play Boccia (BC1 and BC2 classes) took part in this study. A Surface Electromyography and a contact sensor were used to assess the electromechanical delay (EMD). The EMD variables calculated in both situations, with and without sound stimulus, were the average and the coefficient of variation (CV).Results: A negative correlation among average and CV in the without sound situation was obtained (cor. = -0.42; p = 0.025); and a positive correlation was obtained among the average scores in with and without sound situations (cor. = 0.63; p < 0.001). No significant differences were obtained within-situations comparisons and in the interaction classes*situations.Dicussion: CV results suggest that EMD could be a variable to analyze the impact of the impairment in persons with CP, but unfortunately did not have enough sensitivity in our study to discriminate between classes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Ahmad Nadzri, A.A., Ahmad, S.A., Marhaban, M.H., & Jaafar, H. (2014). Characterization of surface electromyography using time domain features for determining hand motion and stages of contraction. Australasian Physical and Engineering Science in Medicine, 37, 133-137. doi: 10.1007/s13246-014-0243-3

Atkinson, G., Nevill, A.M. (1998). Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine. Sports Medicine, 26(4), 217-238. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199826040-00002.

BisFEd (2013). BISFed Classification Rules. Retrieved from http://www.bisfed.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/BISFed-Boccia-Classification-Rules-2nd-Edition-2013.pdf

Braendvik, S.M., Roeleveld, K. (2012). The role of co-activation in strength and force modulation in the elbow of children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 22(1), 137-144. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.10.002.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Cowan, S.M., Bennell, K.L., & Hodges, P.W. (2000). The test-retest reliability of the onset of concentric and eccentric vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis electromyographic activity in a stair stepping task. Physical Theraphy in Sport, 1, 129-136. doi: 10.1054/ptsp.2000.0036.

Damiano, D.L., Martellotta, T.L., Sullivan, D.J., Granata, K.P., & Abel, M.F. (2000). Muscle force production and functional performance in spastic cerebral palsy: Relationship of cocontraction. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81(7), 895-900. doi: 10.1053/apmr.2000.5579.

Darainy, M., Ostry, D. (2008). Muscle cocontraction following dynamics learning. Experimental Brain Research, 190(2), 153-163. doi: 10.1007/s00221-008-1457-y.

Elder, G.C., Stewart, G., Cook, K., Weir, D., Marshall, A., & Leahey, L. (2003). Contributing factors to muscle weakness in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 45, 542-550. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2003.tb00954.x.

Fredericks, C.M., Saladin, L.K. (1996). Pathophysiology of the motor systems. Principles and Clinical Presentations. Philadelphia: FA Davis Company.

Granata, K.P., Ikeda, A.J., & Abel, M.F. (2000). Electromechanical delay and reflex response in spastic cerebral palsy. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81(7), 888-894.

Gribble, P.L., Mullin, L.I., Cothros, N., & Mattar A. (2003). Role of cocontraction in arm movement accuracy. Journal of Neurophysiology, 89(5), 2396-2405. doi: 10.1152/jn.01020.2002.

Hermens, H.J., Freriks, B., Disselhorst-Klug, C., & Rau, G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 10(5), 361-374. doi: 10.1016/S1050-6411(00)00027-4.

Ikeda, A.J., Abel, M.F., Granata, K.P., & Damiano, D.L. (1998). Quantification of cocontraction in spastic cerebral palsy. Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 38, 497-504.

International Paralympic Committee -IPC- (2015). IPC Athlete Classification Code: Rules, Policies and Procedures for Athlete Classification. Retrieved from http://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/document/150813212311788_Classification%2BCode_1.pdf

Khalili, M.A. (2004). Quantitative sports and functional classification (QSFC) for disabled people with spasticity. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(3), 310-313. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2002.004267.

O'Sullivan, S.B. (2001). Assessment of motor function. In S.B. O'Sullivan & T.J. Schmitz (Eds.), Physical Rehabilitation: Assessment and Treatment. Philadephia: F.A. Davis Company.

Reina, R. (2014). Evidence-based classification in paralympic sport: Application to football-7-a-side. European Journal of Human Movement, 32, 161-185.

Roldán, A., Garcia-Vaquero, M.P., Mathee, E., Tweedy, S., & Reina, R. (2015). Evaluating coordination and performance in Boccia players: Towards evidence-based classification. In International Paralympic Committee, Vista 2015 Scientific Conference Booklet (pp. 96-97). Girona: Author.

Rose, J., McGill, K.C. (2005). Neuromuscular activation and motor-unit firing characteristics in cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 47, 329-336.

Sabido, R., Caballero, C., & Reina, R. (2014). Electromechanical delay during ball´s release in boccia players with cerebral palsy. In A. De Haan, C.J. De Ruiter, & E. Tsolakidis (Eds.), Book of abstracts of the 19th annual Congress of the European College of Sport Sciences (p. 547). Utretch: Digital Printing Partners.

Salaj, S., Markovic, G. (2011). Specificity of jumping, sprinting, and quick change-of-direction motor abilities. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(5), 1249-1255. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181da77df.

Sanger, T.D. (2008). Use of surface electromyography (EMG) in the diagnosis of childhood hypertonia: A pilot study. Journal of Child Neurology, 23, 644-648. doi: 10.1177/0883073807313045.

Sheean, G., Mcguire, J.R. (2009). Spastic hypertonia and movement disorders: pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and quantification. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1(9), 827-833. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.08.002.

Silva, P.L., Fonseca, S.T., Ocarino, J.M., Gonçalves, P., & Mancini, M.C. (2009). Contributions of cocontraction and eccentric activity to stiffness regulation. Journal of Motor Behavior, 41(3), 207-228. doi: 10.3200/JMBR.41.3.207-218.

Tedroff, K., Knutson, L.M., & Soderberg, G.L. (2008). Co-activity during maximum voluntary contraction: a study of four lower-extremity muscles in children with and without cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50(5), 377-381. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.02055.x.

Tweedy, S., Vanlandewijck, Y. (2011). International Paralympic Committee position stand – background and scientific principles of classification in Paralympic sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45, 259-269. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.065060.

Tweedy, S.M. (2002). Biomechanical consequences of impairment: a taxonomically valid based for classification in a unified athletics system. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74, 9-16. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2003.10609059.

Williams, N., Love, S., Gibson, N., & Blair, E. (2008). Reliability of the Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50(s113), 4.

World Health Organization -WHO- (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

Xu, K., Mai, J., He, L., Yan X., Chen, Y. (2015). Surface electromyography of wrist flexors and extensors in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 7(3), 270-225. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.09.009.

Yanci, J., Los Arcos, A., Grande, I., Santalla, A., Figueroa, J., Gil, E., & Cámara, J. (2014). Jump capacity in cerebral palsy soccer players. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, 14(54), 199-211.

Downloads

Published

2015-12-28

Issue

Section

Original Research

Most read articles by the same author(s)