Acute effects of running 10km on the medial longitudinal arch height: dynamic evaluation using a three-dimensional motion capture system
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2024.52.7Keywords:
running, foot, medial longitudinal arch, dynamic evaluationAbstract
In previous studies, static evaluations of changes in the navicular height by long-distance running have shown that the navicular height decreases after long-distance running. However, few studies have performed dynamic evaluations of the changes in the supportive function of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) height. Therefore, to evaluate the changes in the MLA height of healthy recreational runners before and after running 10 km, we performed static and dynamic evaluations. Nineteen runners underwent MLA height measurements before and after running 10 km on a treadmill. The measurements of MLA height were performed using three-dimensional motion analysis while the participants were barefoot in the sitting, standing, and walking positions. The heel contact value, minimum value, difference between the heal contact and minimum values, dynamic navicular drop (DND) height, and time when the minimum MLA height was reached during the stance phase of gait (timing) were calculated. After running 10 km, the standing MLA height decreased (18.04-16.86 mm; p<0.05), DND increased (6.32-7.77 mm; p<0.05), and timing was delayed (82.6%-85.2%; p<0.05). The DND, which is a dynamic measure of the MLA support function, increased with long-distance running, thereby decreasing the support function. The degree of deformation of the foot morphology in the terminal stance when the tissues comprising the MLA are stressed may influence injuries.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Brody, D. M. (1982). Techniques in the evaluation and treatment of the injured runner. The Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 13(3), 541-558.
Chen, Y. N., Chang, C. W., Li, C. T., Chang, C. H., & Lin, C. F. (2015). Finite element analysis of plantar fascia during walking: a quasi-static simulation. Foot & Ankle International, 36(1), 90-97. doi: 10.1177/1071100714549189
Cowley, E., & Marsden, J. (2013). The effects of prolonged running on foot posture: a repeated measures study of half marathon runners using the foot posture index and navicular height. Journal of foot and ankle research, 6, 11-7. doi: 10.1186/1757-1146-6-20
Eichelberger, P., Blasimann, A., Lutz, N., Krause, F., & Baur, H. (2018). A minimal markerset for three-dimensional foot function assessment: measuring navicular drop and drift under dynamic conditions. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 11(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1186/s13047-018-0257-2
Fessel, G., Jacob, H. A., Wyss, C. H., Mittlmeier, T., Müller-Gerbl, M., & Büttner, A. (2014). Changes in length of the plantar aponeurosis during the stance phase of gait: an in vivo dynamic fluoroscopic study. Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger, 196(6), 471-478. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2014.07.003
Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159-174. doi: 10.2307/2529310
Lewinson, R. T., & Stefanyshyn, D. J. (2019). Effect of a commercially available footwear insole on biomechanical variables associated with common running injuries. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 29(4), 341-343. doi: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000536
Lin, S. C., Chen, C. P. C., Tang, S. F. T., Chen, C. W., Wang, J. J., Hsu, C. C., Hsieh, J. H., & Chen, W. P. (2014). Stress distribution within the plantar aponeurosis during walking—a dynamic finite element analysis. Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, 14(4), 1450053. doi: 10.1142/S0219519414500535
Matias, A. B., Taddei, T. T., Duarte, M., & Sacco, I. C. N. (2016). Protocol for evaluating the effects of a therapeutic foot exercise program on injury incidence, foot functionality and biomechanics in long-distance runners: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disorders, 17(1), 1-11. doi: 10.1186/s12891-016-1016-9
Okamura, K., Egawa, K., Ikeda, T., Fukuda, K., & Kanai, S. (2021). Relationship between foot muscle morphology and severity of pronated foot deformity and foot kinematics during gait: a preliminary study. Gait & Posture, 86, 273-277. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.03.034
Okamura, K., Fukuda, K., Oki, S., Ono, T., Tanaka, S., & Kanai, S. (2020). Effects of plantar intrinsic foot muscle strengthening exercise on static and dynamic foot kinematics: a pilot randomized controlled single-blind trial in individuals with pes planus. Gait & Posture, 75, 40-45. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.09.030
Okamura, K., Kanai, S., Hasegawa, M., Otsuka, A., & Oki, S. (2018). The effect of additional activation of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles on foot dynamics during gait. Foot, 34, 1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2017.08.002
Pescatello, L. S. (2014). ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, ninth ed. Philadelphia, United States of America: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health.
Rathleff, M. S., Nielsen, R. G., & Kersting, U. G. (2012). Navicula drop test ad modum Brody: does it show how the foot moves under dynamic conditions?. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 102(1), 34-38. doi: 10.7547/1020034
Saltzman, C. L., Nawoczenski, D. A., & Talbot, K. D. (1995). Measurement of the medial longitudinal arch. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 76(1), 45-49. doi: 10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80041-7
Shiotani, H., Hiroto, T., Yamashita, R., Naito, M., & Kawanishi, Y. (2020). Acute effects of long‐distance running on mechanical and morphological properties of the human plantar fascia. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 30(8), 1360-1368. doi: 10.1111/sms.13690
Taunton, J. E., Ryan, M. B., Clement, D. B., McKenzie, D. C., Lloyed-Smith, D. R., & Zumbo, B. D. (2002). A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(2), 95-101. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.36.2.95
Tagawa, N., Okamura, K., Araki, D., Sugahara, A., & Kanai, S. (2024). Influence of the menstrual cycle on static and dynamic kinematics of the foot medial longitudinal arch. Journal of Orthopaedic Science, 29(2), 609-614. doi: 10.1016/j.jos.2023.01.009
Weist, R., Eils, E., & Rosenbaum, D. (2004). The influence of muscle fatigue on electromyogram and plantar pressure patterns as an explanation for the incidence of metatarsal stress fractures. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(8), 1893-1898. doi: 10.1177/0363546504265191
Welte, L., Kelly, L. A., Kessler, S. E., Lieberman, D. E., D’Andrea, S. E., Lichtwark, G. A., & Rainbow, M. J. (2021). The extensibility of the plantar fascia influences the windlass mechanism during human running. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 288(1943), 20202095. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2095
Williams, D. S., McClay, I. S., & Hamill, J. (2001). Arch structure and injury patterns in runners. Clinical biomechanics, 16(4), 341-347. doi: 10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00005-5
Willwacher, S., Kurz, M., Robbin, J., Thelen, M., Hamill, J., Kelly, L., & Mai, P. (2022). Running-related biomechanical risk factors for overuse injuries in distance runners: A systematic review considering injury specificity and the potentials for future research. Sports Medicine, 52(9), 1863–1877. doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01666-3
Wu, W., Chang, J. J., Wu, J. H., Guo, L. Y., & Lin, H. T. (2007). EMG and plantar pressure patterns after prolonged running. Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications, 19(6), 383-388. doi: 10.4015/S1016237207000483
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This journal is covered under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). The rights of printing and reproduction by any way and means are the property of the European Journal of Human Movement, and by extension of each one of the authors of the articles.
