Virtual Reality Therapy: motor coordination and balance analysis in children and teenagers with Down syndrome
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Virtual Reality Therapy on motor coordination and balance of children and adolescents with Down Syndrome. Material and Methods: It is an analytical, prospective and quantitative study. This study included 12 participants were divided into two groups, five of them were part of the Control Group which performed regular institution activities, and the Protocol Group was composed of seven individuals who participated in the Virtual Reality Therapy program and also performed regular institution activities. First, the participants underwent an anthropometric assessment, Körperkoordinatonstest Für Kinder and Pediatric Balance Scale. The Virtual Reality Therapy program consisted of 16 sessions of 20 minutes each. After the program the participants were reassessed. Results and Discussion: There was a statistically significant increase, with p<0.05 in motor coordination of Protocol Group. The balance increase was also statistically significant in the final score obtained in Protocol Group, being 46.86 + 7.98 to 53.57 + 1.99. A negative correlation was recorded between body mass index and the value obtained in the Pediatric Balance Scale test, with r = -0.76 and p = 0.04. The Control Group showed no significant changes in any of the variables. Discussion: We conclude that performing the Virtual Reality Therapy program, conducted in short sessions on average approximately 12 minutes, associated with normal activities of the institution, may be included as an adjunct to children and adolescents with Down Sindrome physiotherapy treatment, contributing to a better performance in motor coordination and balance.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Abdel-Raman, S. (2010). Efficacy of virtual reality-based therapy on balance in children with Down Syndrome. World Applied Sciences Journal, 10(3), 254-261.
Balista, V.G. (2013). Sistema de realidade virtual para avaliação e reabilitação de déficit motor. Workshop on Virtual, Augmented Reality and Games – Full Papers (pp.16-18). Vitória: FAESA.
Berg, K., Wood-Dauphinee, S., Williams, J.l., & Gayton, D. (1989). Measuring balance in the elderly: preliminary development of an instrument. Physiotherapy Canada, 4 (1), 304-311.
Berg, K.O., Wood-Dauphinee, S.L., Williams, J.I., & Maki, B. (1992). Measuring balance in the elderly: validation of an instrument. Can J Public Health, 83(2), S7-11.
Carminato, R.A. (2010). Desempenho motor de escolares através da bateria de teste KTK. Unpublished dissertation. Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences ( 2nd ed.). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erbaum.
Dowjat, W.K., Adayev, T., Kuchna, I., Nowicki, K., Palminiello, S., Hwang, Y.W., & Wegiel, J. (2007). Trisomy-driven overexpression of DYRK1A kinase in the brain of subjects with Down Syndrome. Neurosci Lett, 413(1), 77-81. doi: 10.016/j.neulet.2006.11.026
Franjoine, M.R., Darr, N., Held, S.L., Kott, K., & Young, B.L. (2010). The performance of children developing typically on the pediatric balance scale. Pediatr Phys Ther, 22(4), 350-359. doi: 10.1097/PEP.0b013e3181f9d5eb
Franjoine, M.R., Gunther, J.S., & Taylor, M.J. (2003). Pediatric balance scale: a modified version of the Berg balance scale for the school-age child with mild to moderate motor impairment. Pediatr Phys Ther, 15(2),114-128. doi: 10.1097/01.PEP.0000068117.48023.18
Gallahue, D.L., & Ozmum, J.C. (2005). Compreendendo o desenvolvimento motor: bebês, crianças, adolescentes e adultos (3ª ed). São Paulo: Phorte Editora.
Gorla, J.I., Araújo, P.F., & Carminato, R.A. (2004). Desempenho psicomotor em portadores de deficiência mental: avaliação e intervenção. Rev Bras Cienc Esporte, 25(3),133-147. http://www.rbceonline.org.br/revista/index.php/RBCE/article/view/244
Gorla, J.I., & Araújo, P. F. (2007). Avaliação Motora em Educação Física Adaptada: teste KTK para deficientes mentais. (1st. ed.) São Paulo: Phorte Editora.
Gutiérrez, R.O., Galán Del Río, F., Cano de la Cuerda, R., Alguacil Diego, I.M., González, R.A., & Page, J.C. (2013). A telerehabilitation program by virtual reality-video games improves balance and postural control in multiple sclerosis patients. Neuro Rehabilitation, 33(4), 545-554. doi: 10.3233/NRE-130995
Holden, M., Todorov, E., Callaban, J., & Bizzi, M. (1999). Virtual environment training improves motor performance in two patients with stroke: case report. Neurology Report, 23(2),57-67.
Ilg, W., Schatton, C., Schicks, J., Giese, M.A., Schöls, L.,& Synofzik, M. (2013). Video game-based coordinative training improves ataxia in children with degenerative ataxia. Neurology, 79(20), 2056-2060. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182749e67
Kiphard, E.J.E., & Schilling, V.F. (1974). Körper-koordiantions- test fur kinder KTD: manual von fridhelm schilling. Weinhein: Beltz Test.
Lin, H.C., & Wuang, Y.P. (2012). Strengh and agility tranining in adolescents with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Rev Dev Disabil, 33(6), 2236- 2244. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.06.017
Luna-Oliva, L., Ortiz-Gutiérrez, R.M., Cano-de la Cuerda, R., Piédrola, R.M., Alguacil-Diego, I.M., Sánchez-Camarero, C., Martínez Culebras & Mdel. C. (2013). Kinect Xbox® 360 as a therapeutic modality for children with cerebral palsy in a school enviromente: a preliminar study. Neuro Rehabilitation, 33(4), 513-521. doi: 10.3233/NRE-131001
Martins, M.R.I., Fecuri, M.A.B., Arroyo, M.A., & Parisi, M.T. (2013). Avaliação das habilidades funcionais e de auto cuidado de indivíduos com Síndrome de Down pertencentes a uma oficina terapêutica. Rev. CEFAC, 15(2),361-365. doi: 10.1590/S1516-18462012005000088
Miyamoto, S.T., Lombardi Junior, I., Berg, K.O., Ramos, L.R., & Natour, J. (2004). Brazilian version of the Berg balance scale. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 37(9), 1411-1421. doi: 10.1590/S0100-879X2004000900017
Monteiro Junior, R.S., Carvalho, R.J.P., Silva, E.B., & Bastos, F.G. (2011). Efeito da reabilitação virtual em diferentes tiposde tratamento. Rev. Bras. de Ciências da Saúde, 9(29). doi: 10.13037/rbcs.vol9n29.1331
Reis, J.R.G., Nascimento, L.C.G., & Tonello, M.G.M. (2015). Programa de exercícios para crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Down: revisão da literatura. Fiep Bulletin, 85. http://www.fiepbulletin.net
Ribeiro, M.F.M., Barbosa, M.A., & Porto, C.C. (2011). Paralisia cerebral e síndrome de Down: nível de conhecimento e informação dos pais. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 16(4), 2099-2106. doi: 10.1590/S1413-81232011000400009
Silva, D.R., & Ferreira, J.S.F. (2001). Intervenções na educação física em crianças com Síndrome de Down. Rev. da Educação Física/UEM, 12(1), 69-76.
Silva, I.F.S., Silva, H.M., & Correia, M.S. (2013). A influência da natação no processo de desenvolvimento da coordenação motora em crianças com Síndrome de Down. Fiep Bulletin, 83. http://www. fiepbulletin. net/index. php/ fiepbulletin/ article/ view/2729/5314
Sin, H., & Lee, G. (2013). Additional virtual reality training using Xbox® Kinect in stroke survivors with hemiplegia. Am. J Pahy Med Rehabil, 92(1),871-880. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182a38e40
Vernadakis, N., Derri, V.,Tsitskari, E., & Antoniou, P. (2014). The effect of Sbox Kinect intervention on balance ability for previous injured Young competitive male athletes: a preliminar study. Phys Ther Sports, 15(3),148-155. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.08.004
Wuang, Y.P., Chiang, C.S., Su, C.Y., & Wang, C.C. (2011). Effectiveness of virtual reality using Wii gaming technology in children with Down Syndrome. Res Dev Disabil, 32(1),312-321. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.10.002
You, S.H., Jang, S.H., Kim, Y.H., Kwon, Y.H., Barrow, I., & Hallett, M. (2005). Cortical reorganization induced by virtual reality therapy in a child with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Development medicine & Child Neurology, 47(9),628-635.
