Contextual Factors Associated with the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test in a Youth Football Academy

Authors

  • Gonzalo Fernández Jávega Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
  • Iván Peña-González Department of Sport Science, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2024.52.6

Keywords:

Talent identification, Peak height velocity, maturity status

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of various contextual factors on the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15 IFT) in young male football players.30-15 IFT was evaluated in U-14 and U-16 football teams (n=229). The sample was categorized by relative age, biological maturation, playing position and competitive level (CL). The results revealed a trend in the overall sample towards an overrepresentation of players born in the early months of the year. Significant differences were found when comparing vIFT (maximal intermittent running velocity) values across age categories (U13: 17.73 ± 1.24; U14: 18.14 ± 1.56; U15: 18.99 ± 1.31; U16: 18.81 ± 1.55; F = 9.93; p < .001) and between maturity groups, in favor of the more mature players (PrePHV: 17.77 ± 1.38; MidPHV: 18.53 ± 1.37; PostPHV: 18.83 ± 1.48). There were some minor differences in the vIFT between players from different field positions (F = 2.96; p = .014; ηp2 = 0.078). As well as players who compete at higher levels of competition reached higher results for the vIFT (CL: F = 9.01; p < .001; ηp2 = 0.238 and CL2: F = 15.44; p < .001; ηp2 = 0.184). This study showed the complexity of factors influencing the 30-15 IFT of young football players and suggest that maturity may play a more influential role than RA in physical performance which could influence the selection process at early ages.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Altmann, S., Ruf, L., Neumann, R., Härtel, S., Woll, A., & Buchheit, M. (2023). Assessing the usefulness of submaximal exercise heart rates for monitoring cardiorespiratory fitness changes in elite youth soccer players. Science and Medicine in Football, 7(2), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2022.2060520

Bangsbo, J., Iaia, F. M., & Krustrup, P. (2008). The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test. Sports Medicine, 38(1), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838010-00004

Bangsbo, J., Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. (2006). Physical and metabolic demands of training and match-play in the elite football player. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(7), 665–674. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500482529

Bliss, A., & Brickley, G. (2011). Effects of relative age on physical and physiological performance characteristics in youth soccer. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 51(4), 571–575.

Bradley, P. S., Carling, C., Gomez Diaz, A., Hood, P., Barnes, C., Ade, J., Mohr, M. (2013). Match performance and physical capacity of players in the top three competitive standards of English professional soccer. Human Movement Science, 32(4), 808–821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2013.06.002

Bradley, P. S., Sheldon, W., Wooster, B., Olsen, P., Boanas, P., & Krustrup, P. (2009). High-intensity running in English FA Premier League soccer matches. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(2), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802512775

Buchheit, M. (2015). The 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test : 10 year review The 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test : 10 year review. Myorobie Journal, 1(November 2009), 1–9. Retrieved from http://www.martin-buchheit.net

Buchheit, M. (2008a). 30-15 Intermitettent Fitness Test: Accuracy for Individualizing Interval Training of Young Intermittent Sport Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(2), 365–374 https://doi.org/ 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181635b2e

Buchheit, M. (2008b). 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test et répétition de sprints. Science and Sports, 23(1), 26–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2007.12.002

Buchheit, M., Mendez-Villanueva, A., Simpson, B. M., & Bourdon, P. C. (2010). Match running performance and fitness in youth soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(11), 818–825. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1262838

Buchheit, M. (2008). The 30-15 intermitent fitness test: Accuracy for individualizing interval training of young intermittent sport players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(2), 365–374. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181635b2e

Buchheit, M, & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2014). Effects of age, maturity and body dimensions on match running performance in highly trained under-15 soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(13), 1271–1278. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.884721

Buchheit, M, & Rabbani, A. (2014). The 30-15 intermittent fitness test versus the yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1: Relationship and sensitivity to training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(3), 522–524. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2012-0335

Buchheit, M, Saint, P., Football, G., Simpson, B. M., & Mendez-villanueva, A. (2012). Repeated High-Speed Activities during Youth Soccer Games in Relation to Repeated High-Speed Activities during Youth Soccer Games in Relation to Changes in Maximal Sprinting and Aerobic Speeds. (August). https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1316363

Buchheit, M, Samozino, P., Glynn, J. A., Michael, B. S., Al Haddad, H., Mendez-Villanueva, A., & Morin, J. B. (2014). Mechanical determinants of acceleration and maximal sprinting speed in highly trained young soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(20), 1906–1913. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.965191

Cobley, S., Baker, J., Wattie, N., & McKenna, J. (2009). Annual age-grouping and athlete development: A meta-analytical review of relative age effects in sport. Sports Medicine, 39(3), 235–256. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939030-00005

Deprez, D., Coutts, A. J., Fransen, J., Deconinck, F., Lenoir, M., Vaeyens, R., & Philippaerts, R. (2013). Relative age, biological maturation and anaerobic characteristics in elite youth soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(10), 897–903. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1333262

Dupont, G., Defontaine, M., Bosquet, L., Blondel, N., Moalla, W., & Berthoin, S. (2010). Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test versus the Université de Montréal Track Test: Relation with a high-intensity intermittent exercise. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(1), 146–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2008.10.007

Faude, O., Koch, T., & Meyer, T. (2012). Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in professional football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(7), 625–631. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.665940

Gil, S., Gil, J., Ruiz, F., Irazusta, A., & Irazusta, J. (2007). Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of young soccer players according to their playing position: Relevance for the selection process. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(2), 438–445. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-19995.1

Helsen, W. F., Van Winckel, J., & Williams, A. M. (2005). The relative age effect in youth soccer across Europe. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(6), 629–636. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410400021310

Kozieł, S. M., & Malina, R. M. (2018). Modified Maturity Offset Prediction Equations: Validation in Independent Longitudinal Samples of Boys and Girls. Sports Medicine, 48(1), 221–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0750-y

Leger, L., & Boucher, R. (1980). An indirect continuous running multistage field test: The Universite de Montreal track test. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 5(2), 77–84.

Lloyd, R. S., & Oliver, J. L. (2012). The youth physical development model: A new approach to long-term athletic development. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 34(3), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e31825760ea

Malina, R. M., Eisenmann, J. C., Cumming, S. P., Ribeiro, B., & Aroso, J. (2004). Maturity-associated variation in the growth and functional capacities of youth football (soccer) players 13-15 years. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 91(5–6), 555–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-003-0995-z

Mendez-Villanueva, A., Buchheit, M., Kuitunen, S., Douglas, A., Peltola, E., & Bourdon, P. (2011). Age-related differences in acceleration, maximum running speed, and repeated-sprint performance in young soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(5), 477–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.536248

Mirwald, R. L., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Bailey, D. A., & Beunen, G. P. (2002). An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(4), 689–694. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200204000-00020

Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., & Bangsbo, J. (2003). Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(7), 519–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000071182

Mujika, I., Vaeyens, R., Matthys, S. P. J., Santisteban, J., Goiriena, J., & Philippaerts, R. (2009). The relative age effect in a professional football club setting. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(11), 1153–1158. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903220328

Palucci Vieira, L. H., Carling, C., Barbieri, F. A., Aquino, R., & Santiago, P. R. P. (2019). Match Running Performance in Young Soccer Players: A Systematic Review. In Sports Medicine (Vol. 49). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-01048-8

Peña-González, I., Fernández-Fernández, J., Moya-Ramón, M., & Cervelló, E. (2018). Relative Age Effect, Biological Maturation, and Coaches’ Efficacy Expectations in Young Male Soccer Players. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 89(3), 373–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2018.1486003

Peña-González, I., Javaloyes, A., Sarabia, J. M., & Moya-Ramón, M. (2021). Relative age-related differences between different competitive levels and field positions in young soccer players. Research in Sports Medicine, 29(3), 254–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2020.1853540

Pitlovic, V., Saric, G., Pitlovic, H., Jovanovic, S., Jurisic, D., V., P., … D., J. (2013). A correlation of peak height velocity and olecranon apophysis ossification assessed by ultrasound. Collegium Antropologicum, 37(4), 1285–1289. Retrieved from http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?

Radnor, J. M., Staines, J., Bevan, J., Cumming, S. P., Kelly, A. L., Lloyd, R. S., & Oliver, J. L. (2021). Maturity has a greater association than relative age with physical performance in english male academy soccer players. Sports, 9(12), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9120171

Ratel, S., Duché, P., & Williams, C. A. (2006). Muscle fatigue during high-intensity exercise in children. Sports Medicine, 36(12), 1031–1065. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636120-00004

Rebelo, A., Brito, J., Maia, J., Coelho-E-Silva, M. J., Figueiredo, A. J., Bangsbo, J., … Seabra, A. (2013). Anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness and technical performance of under-19 soccer players by competitive level and field position. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(4), 312–317. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1323729

Reilly, T., Bangsbo, J., & Franks, A. (2000). Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9), 669–683. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410050120050

Reilly, T., Williams, A. M., Nevill, A., & Franks, A. (2000). A multidisciplinary approach to talent identification in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9), 695–702. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410050120078

Salinero, J. J., Pérez, B., Burillo, P., & Lesma, M. L. (2013). Relative age effect in European professional football. Analysis by position. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 8(4), 966–973. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2013.84.07

Sporis, G., Jukic, I., Ostojic, S., & Milanovic, D. (2009). Fitness profiling in soccer: Physical and Physiologic chareacteristics of elite players. October, 23(7), 1947–1953.

Sweeney, L., Cumming, S. P., MacNamara, Á., & Horan, D. (2022). The Selection Advantages Associated with Advanced Biological Maturation Vary According to Playing Position in National-Level Youth Soccer. Biology of Sport, 715–722. https://doi.org/ 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3e141

Thomas, C., Dos’Santos, T., Jones, P. A., & Comfort, P. (2016). Reliability of the 30-15 intermittent fitness test in semiprofessional soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(2), 172–175. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0056

Toselli, S., Mauro, M., Grigoletto, A., Cataldi, S., Benedetti, L., Nanni, G., … Greco, G. (2022). Assessment of Body Composition and Physical Performance of Young Soccer Players: Differences According to the Competitive Level. Biology, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11060823

Towlson, C., Salter, J., Ade, J. D., Enright, K., Harper, L. D., Page, R. M., & Malone, J. J. (2021). Maturity-associated considerations for training load, injury risk, and physical performance in youth soccer: One size does not fit all. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 10(4), 403–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.09.003

Williams, A. M., Ford, P. R., & Drust, B. (2020). Talent identification and development in soccer since the millennium. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(11–12), 1199–1210. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1766647

Yagüe, J. M., de la Rubia, A., Sánchez-Molina, J., Maroto-Izquierdo, S., & Molinero, O. (2018). The relative age effect in the 10 best leagues of male professional football of the union of european football associations (UEFA). Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 17(3), 409–416.

Downloads

Published

2024-06-30

Issue

Section

Original Research